The remedies a court can grant when a public body acts unlawfully — and why success on the merits never guarantees that relief will follow.
Every remedy in judicial review is discretionary, so understanding what the court can order matters as much as proving the unlawfulness itself. This chapter opens with the procedural gateway — time limits and standing — before working through the three prerogative remedies of quashing, mandatory and prohibiting orders, and the ordinary remedies of declarations and injunctions, including whether an injunction lies against a minister. It then examines the court's powers to substitute its own decision or suspend a quashing order, and the discretionary bars that can defeat relief, from the no-substantial-difference rule to alternative remedies and academic claims. The chapter closes with interim relief and its three-stage test, the narrow routes to damages including under the Human Rights Act 1998, and the general approach to costs.
