How Convention rights take effect in UK law through the Human Rights Act 1998 — the framework that lets domestic courts protect rights without overturning parliamentary sovereignty.
A human rights problem is solved in stages: identify the right engaged, find its route into domestic law, then test whether the state can justify what it has done. This chapter starts with the Convention's architecture — including the divide between absolute, limited and qualified rights — before working through the machinery of the HRA 1998: the section 3 interpretive obligation, declarations of incompatibility, the duty on public authorities, who may claim as a victim, the available remedies, and the indirect effect the Act has between private parties. It then turns to the substantive rights themselves, from the three-part justification framework for qualified rights through the protections in Articles 2 to 11, Protocol 1 and the parasitic prohibition of discrimination in Article 14. It closes with derogation in times of emergency and the route to an application in Strasbourg.
