A blameless employer can end up paying in full for a wrong it neither committed nor could have prevented. This chapter starts with the strict nature of the doctrine and the three elements a claimant must prove, then examines the qualifying relationship — the tests for employment status, relationships 'akin to employment', and the position where a worker is lent to another employer. It then works through the close connection test, including intentional wrongdoing and prohibited conduct, and the line between frolics, detours and travel in the course of employment. It closes with the consequences for recovery, contribution from the employee, and how non-delegable duties can fix liability even for an independent contractor's tort.
