Unlike the 1957 Act, no duty to a non-visitor exists automatically; it must be earned on the facts. This chapter begins with the purpose and scope of the 1984 Act — personal injury only, never property damage — and the elements of a claim, before defining who counts as an occupier and how a lawful visitor becomes a non-visitor by exceeding permission. It then works through the three cumulative threshold conditions that gate the duty, the standard of care once it arises, the factors shaping breach (including child trespassers), discharge by warning or discouragement, and causation. It closes with the defences of volenti and contributory negligence, the exclusions for CROW Act walkers and natural landscape features, the boundary with negligence for activity-based injuries, and the key structural contrast with the 1957 Act.
